![]() This will give you the change in velocity.Īfter this, measure the time taken (final time minus initial time), and input these values in the equation above. Then, find the difference between the two. To do this, jot down the final velocity of the object and its initial velocity. To calculate acceleration, first calculate the change in velocity during the time interval you are looking at. Define and calculate acceleration using (change of velocity)/(time taken)Īcceleration is the change of velocity of an object per unit time. This difference is important because while distance is a scalar quantity (it measures how far something has travelled without taking into account the direction it has travelled), displacement is a vector quantity (it defines the overall direction that the object has travelled in, and the straight line distance between its starting and ending point).ģ. Note: speed is calculated using the equation distance/time,Īnd velocity is calculated using the equation displacement/time On Earth, gravity always pulls objects towards the centre of Earth, so the direction of weight will always be down). a weight of 11 N has a magnitude of 11 N), as well as the direction that this measurement goes in (weight is the force exerted on something by gravity – this force has a direction. A vector quantity is a quantity that defines the ‘magnitude’ of the measurement of the object (e.g. Since velocity defines both the magnitude of the object’s speed and its direction, it is a ‘vector’ quantity. However, a scalar quantity does not tell us the direction of this measure (mass has no direction). If an object has a mass of 23 kg, the magnitude of its mass is 23 kg). A scalar quantity is a quantity that defines the ‘magnitude’ of the measurement we’re taking of the object (e.g. Since speed does not define the object’s direction, only how fast it’s going, speed is a ‘scalar’ quantity. So if an object maintains the same speed, but changes direction, its velocity will change. Velocity defines the ‘magnitude’ of the speed of the object as well as the direction it is travelling. Speed defines the ‘magnitude’ of the object’s speed – in other words, how fast it’s going. Distinguish between speed and velocityīoth speed and velocity are measures of how fast an object is travelling. If you want to calculate the average speed of an object over a length of time, and that object travels at various speeds in that time interval, then take the total distance it has travelled, and the total time it took to travel that distance, and calculate total distance divided by total time. So, since speed = distance/time, the speed of the object is (10 km)/(10 hours) = 1 km/hr ![]() In this case, over the course of 10 hours, the object travels 10 km. Now let’s calculate the speed of the object during this time interval. ![]() That means the speed over this time interval is constant. Which is why the equation for speed is speed = (total distance)/(total time)įor example, if you look at the distance-time graph to the left, you can see a straight line from time = 0 hours until time = 10 hours. The definition of speed is the distance travelled per unit time. Define speed and calculate the average speed from (total distance)/(total time).The average speed can be calculated by dividing the total distance travelled by the total time taken. The total distance the object has moved can be found by calculating the area under the speed-time graph. The straight line numbered \bf has a negative gradient, therefore, shows a deceleration (the object is slowing down). (Decelerating is when an object slows down.) It then remained travelling at 10 \ m/s for a further 5 seconds before then decelerating to rest in 1 second. The object accelerated from rest at a constant rate for 4 seconds until it reached a speed of 10 \ m/s. This speed-time graph shows the speed of an object in metres per second over a 10 second period. The units of speed used for a speed-time graph can vary, but the most common are kilometres per hour (km/h), metres per second (m/s) and miles per hour (mph). They can also be referred to as velocity-time graphs. A speed time graph is a graph that shows the motion of an object against time.
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